UNCSD poverty indicators main content

The unemployment rate. UNCSD by definition, unemployment refers to all countries but not the work of education and income security and welfare depend on the survival of some people that the main cause of poverty, UNCSD unemployment rate is defined as the total labor force unemployed population ratio. The unemployed population is defined as the period of observation does not work (not including the time being to leave their posts, and unpaid workers), have the ability to work and desire that some people. The unemployment rate calculation does not include some special groups, such as the armed forces, nomads, students, have found jobs has not yet begun the work of groups such as apprentices. It is worth noting that some people, because of the special social system, although there is a full-time job, but still very poor.

Population poverty index. Referring to the living standards or economic well-being below the poverty line in the proportion of the population. Poverty line has the absolute poverty line and the relative poverty line of two, the former used for developing countries, which are commonly used in developed countries. UNCSD of 36 developed and developing countries, cross-country comparisons, really come up with the poverty line will increase as the economy improved, but in poor countries, which raise the relatively slower. Based on people's well-being of different understanding, economic well-being can be attributed to a person for goods and services consumption and nutrition intake of two definitions. Nutrition in developing countries access to the higher weight. Writing in the development of consumption measure than the measure of income is more prevalent because of changes in income volatility over time, particularly in the agricultural economy, the consumer income more than reflect the true situation.

Measure the standard of living of individuals, UNCSD that because of different family size and composition of its different, simply the whole family's total consumption is relatively easy for the family members of the welfare of misunderstanding. Therefore, UNCSD indicator system of measurement is based on the individual's standard of living for the base of male adults. In other words, for a given family, only male adults to investigate the family's consumption behavior, as adult women and children spending a relatively small and therefore assumed to be less than the consumption of adult men. This is not to say their low demand, but in the family's small force. The existence of economies of scale consumption also shows that two people living with a person less than the cost of living.

Limitations: the majority of developing countries is based on per capita consumption targets, while the developing countries generally larger family size, which may exaggerate the extent of poverty. In addition, the definition of personal welfare and the poverty line process, subjective judgments can not be avoided. In some countries, there is no definition of poverty. In addition, the definition of poverty between countries may be different, which affects the comparability of data.

Poverty gap index. Used to evaluate a country or region of the depth of poverty. Per capita poverty index below the poverty line, for some special policies reflect not sensitive to the poverty gap index was up for this deficiency. Below the poverty line with the poverty gap, poverty gap index will increase, the decline in the poverty gap index reflects the improvement of the status quo.

Poverty gap index is below the poverty line population from the average gap between the poverty line. Poverty gap index above the poverty line assumes that the poverty index value of 0. Calculating the poverty gap index calculated personal economic well-being, and to determine what level of benefits to be poor. The calculation of personal well-being There are many ways, there are generally two categories of great importance to the welfare of the individual judge, one of the benefits under the definition of an economist to calculate. The former focus on calculations of a group of consumer goods and services, the latter is calculated nutritional intake, even if people do not make a living or to food not only to nutrition to determine food consumption. Actual operation, according to ease of access to data and choose a different approach.

The majority of developing countries by calculating the per capita consumption to measure poverty, so the total measure of poverty must take note of comparability, which policy makers have very important significance. An increasingly popular method is to use a different poverty line measure of poverty, more consumer choice of whether there is a decisive impact on poverty.

What is the UNCSD poverty indicators?

UN Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) indicators of sustainable development system, and poverty indicators by driving force - state - in response to the framework is divided into three parts. The unemployment rate driving force indicators, state indicators of the population by poverty index, poverty gap index, squared poverty gap index, income inequality the Gini coefficient, the proportion of the average wage for men and women, did not respond to indicators.

China's absolute poverty relief system in the main selection

Looking at the countries of the world's absolute poor relief system, most countries have adopted the minimum subsistence guarantee system for the structure. Moreover, China's cities and towns in the area and a small number of better economic conditions in rural areas is also being implemented in cities and towns (rural) residents of the lowest living security system, and achieved obvious results. As a result, absolute poverty relief in the light of international experience, taking into account the current "low" system of convergence, in our absolute poverty relief system can also choose to take the minimum livelihood guarantee system for urban and rural areas as the main body of institutional arrangements. However, that needs to be noted that the international relief of absolute poverty from the content point of view often include life, health, education, housing, labor, employment and many aspects, such as funerary relief from a system point of view the structure also contains basic relief And non-basic level, and other relief. On the other hand, and China's current system of minimum living relief content (generally limited to the relief of life) and the structure of the system (only the basic-level relief) of a single, and the result is a system of real security is ineffective. As a result, China's absolute poverty relief in the legislation, our country may wish to existing urban minimum living standard security system modeled on that of its institutional framework for sound, that is, in accordance with the international institutional framework, the minimum subsistence guarantee system for urban and rural areas classified as "essential Relief of life "and" Additional relief of life "and the" exceptional circumstances relief, "the three major sections.

The "basic relief", including the poor to meet basic survival needs, that is mainly used to solve real-life "to eat" (food), "wear" (clothing), "" (miscellaneous day-to-day use) and " "(Traffic), the cost of basic necessities of daily life. In general, this is the minimum living guarantee the most basic level, that is, each enjoying the approval of the people living in absolute poverty relief should be able to enjoy the "capital at the end of" treatment. "Additional relief of life" is based on the actual survival of the poor needs to give some relief, which often include medical, maternity, disability or life care (such as the special general for the sick and elderly poor), education, housing, employment, as well as Funeral and so on. The plate is not directly used to solve the basic living area, but the living conditions and basic needs for survival are closely related. "Exceptional circumstances relief" is a number of special poverty relief groups or special circumstances of the poor, which is before an important supplement to the two plates.

In the specific operational procedures, would like to stress that poverty relief is a key link - the family economic situation in the investigation. Reference to international experience and China's actual situation, we can apply for the qualification review of the links on the design of individual applications accepted institutions, investigations, community proves that the Government's approval of the five essential steps.

4. China's absolute poverty relief fund-raising and management mechanism

Financing and management is the core issue of poverty relief. According to international rules, for the absolute poverty relief funds from the general government financial burden, the requirements included in the budget at the same time in the central and local governments at all levels of the (financial) between the classification by a certain percentage of the burden.

In the source of funds, the Western countries in general by a special tax to raise funds, such as Britain have imposed on the history of the special "poor tax" from the affluent areas of taxation and subsidies to poverty-stricken areas. Through tax financing in the form of absolute poverty relief funds, also embodies the essence of modern society with the assistance of the nature of the redistribution of national income. In addition, personal income tax, consumption tax, such as luxury taxes are also modern conditioning gap between rich and poor countries, to achieve an effective means of social equity. As a result, our country should take based on personal income tax, the levy of consumption tax in this luxury train of thought to resolve the absolute poverty relief fund-raising issues. At the same time, Western countries, the practice of social security also showed that personal income tax revenue represents about 30% of this coincides with the proportion of social security expenditure total expenditure ratio of 20% to 30% of the match. In this way, China's local governments may be in absolute poverty relief in the practice of using personal income tax as the main support of the minimum subsistence guarantee system for the major financial resources (according to our current tax system, personal income tax is levied on local taxes).

Governments at all levels in the financial capital ratio, for the protection of absolute poverty relief to protect the effect of China's absolute poverty relief legislation might also clear that the central, provincial, (to) the municipal, county (district) level four government Financial and investment between the ratio. Under the current tax system at all levels of government under the Financial Comparative financial strength, as well as governments at all levels in absolute poverty relief in the size of the liability, and taking into account the international practice, we recommend that the central, provincial, city and county levels of financial investment The ratio of 2:3:3:2, in principle, for, so as to achieve better levels of government in absolute poverty relief, "say" and "property rights" balance.

Absolute poverty relief fund much-needed relief for the poor, it is their "life insurance money," and therefore must be managed strictly in accordance with the law, to ensure that used for other purposes. At the same time, should establish a corresponding mechanism for supervision and management, the audit departments should strengthen audit and supervision. In the course of the operation of the Fund, should take advantage of modern information management system to achieve the information into the open, transparent operation in order to facilitate the public opinion and public supervision.

10.17 International Day for the Eradication of Poverty theme of the evening public

10.17 International Day for the Eradication of Poverty theme of the evening

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1. Centuries of the Chinese nation to realize their dreams, the whole country celebrated the 30th anniversary of reform and opening-up in the background, the cause of helping the poor display of China's tremendous achievements in all sectors of society and actively participate in helping the poor public enthusiasm and charity;

2. In the post-Olympic era, showing the active participation of all sectors of society to realize their dreams of 2008 large-scale operation of public enthusiasm and love;

3. Full display businesses, organizations, individuals in particular the beginning of this year freeze disaster, 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake waves of love after the dedication of love for students in poverty-stricken areas of the Great Wall built 2008 new playground of the sun feat;

4. For the first time by a national public service organizations within the United Nations of the most influential state-level and 15 provincial television station broadcast the event (whether or not to participate in other Satellite TV, in still to confirm);

5. The business community in Hong Kong and the mainland business community dignitaries, embassy officials and I will donate and long-term co-operation to attend;

6. Beijing 2008 Olympic champion, will attend the event and display a positive image of the public good;

7. Domestic television broadcast for the first time more than love evening auction by China Central Television host well-known to the initiative to issue tens of millions of television viewers through SMS 10699999 for donations;

8. Hundreds of Chinese people's livelihood in 2008 to attend the vanguard of action; by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the State Sports General Administration and the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office to support the Decent show for children;

9. To a broad collection of social auctioned evening of good reference materials and those who love to shoot;

10. The important leaders of the United Nations.